Censorship of the Arts in Singapore - 1474 Words

What is the right balance to strike between freedom of and restrictions upon artistic expression? The commonly accepted definition of censorship- that certain texts, images, or films should be banned. The Longman’s English Dictionary defines censorship as to examine books, films, letters etc, to remove anything that is considered offensive, morally harmful, or politically dangerous. Narrowing down the definition to cover The Arts scene in Singapore, the question beckons should anyone have the power to place restrictions on an individual’s freedom of expression? One might liken that tying a gag over someone’s mouth! In a recent dialogue with Minister Mentor Lee (Friday, October 5th, 2007 – Singapore: From Arts to censorship), students†¦show more content†¦Lastly, we should note that people are not being forced to view artwork at gunpoint. Every member of the public has the right to avert their eyes not look at art that offends them. Similarly, they can refrain from entering a gallery with an exhibition of offensive works. The risks of stifling free expression far outweigh the potential for unacceptable material. Content which we consider perfectly acceptable today would have been regarded as taboo 50 years ago. In the report of the Censorship Review Committee of 2003, it was noted that the report was kept relevant against the backdrop of our social evolution and changing global landscape while understanding the need to fan the creative flames of the new generation and to accommodate the diversity of views. The social â€Å"glue† that bonds our society was not to be compromised, namely Singapore’s core values, identity, shared memories, religious and racial harmony. But the question one has to ask would be, are these changes coming fast enough to cope with the blooming art’s scene here, or is it a tightening noose fighting progress and growth? The report declares that â€Å"censorship is not just about classification, or access control; nor is it simply about liberalisation or tig htening up. Censorship is multi-dimensional, relating media and artistic expression to the social values of community.† (Part IV, 9.0, Conclusion, pg 71) I beg to differ. So does censorship help the artistic cause? Would the general publicShow MoreRelatedThe Censorship Of Singapore ( Mda )1948 Words   |  8 PagesThe practise of censorship - the restriction of ideas, action or image through the control of the media or any other medium of expression. Censorship should be practised sensibly so that it will not restrict the development and expression of new ideas while ensuring that social and political harmony is assured. Censorship plays a vital role in maintaining the morals of its society and creating an economically dynamic, socially cohesive and culturally vibrant nation. (N.A, N.D) The press exert a significantRead MoreNgos And Freedom Of Expression1719 Words   |  7 Pagesthis right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice† (UN 1976). This human right is often restricted by states which use mechanisms such as censorship, restrictive media legislation, and the harassment and persecution of journalists or bloggers. Some examples of NGOs that protect the freedom of expression are as follows: †¢ FreedomRead MoreThe Democratic Process Of Southeast Asian Countries1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe democratic process of Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Singapore, has seen very little significant changes from civil society action. While each of these countries have claimed to be democratic nations, there has been little change in terms of government rule since their independence. These civil society groups are ones that reflect the ideas and values of a group of people, in pursuit of a common goal. The changes that have resulted are in Malaysia and Singapore’s governmentsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech800 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech in America is defined by the right to express any opinions without any censorship or restraint. But it isn’t just defined by the words people speak aloud. It’s the actions they take part in to support the words they express. The writing of books and essays, creating artwork, giving sp eeches to grand crowds, voting, protesting. But do all people have the right to speak their mind? Should people be able to speak freely, to express opinions and thoughts, as promised in the United StatesRead MoreGovernments Censoring Internet Content1490 Words   |  6 Pagesor watch what others think is good then we would be fulfilling others wishes but not our own. Hence, it is very important that every citizen has the needed voice to be informed without any limitation. According to, Aukerman 2013, â€Å" Implementing censorship creates technical and social issues, such as over- blocking or false detection, decreased network performance, and freedom of speech.† As a result, if government decides to censor content on the internet then it would create technical difficultiesRead MoreEssay about Freedom of Expression on the Internet3920 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction This paper addresses whether we should censor or block access to websites with controversial material. It looks at the issue from several sides: The relevant US laws that are in place, how censorship is used at the university and corporate levels, how other countries are attempting censorship, and finally what I feel about the topic. Given all that I have read in preparing this paper, I have come to the conclusion that without a set of globally-accepted rules, we should not be censoringRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesGovernment Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a futureRead MoreThe Jade Pendant5982 Words   |  24 Pagesparticular, this is most true of the Singapore Short story which was by comparison to other forms of literary expression most prolific during the early years of Singapore s history. This study first provides a brief historical overview of the Singapore Short story written in English after which it examines the development of the genre through its first decade dating from 1978 and subsequently, the next ten years to the present. The Short Story in Singapore Singapore is a cosmopolitan Asian city, uniqueRead MoreEssay on The Efforts to Regulate the Internet5321 Words   |  22 Pagesexpansive intellectual horizon but simultaneously providing easy access to an infinite, virtual Pandoras box† [1]. This paper shall discuss the situations that have raised the need for the Internet regulations, and in particular, Internet content censorship. Then, it shall review the regulatory efforts worldwide, with respect to the local cultures and governmental systems. Also, technological tools for regulating the Internet contents shall be presented. The ethical discussion shall focus on the rightRead MoreThe American Model Of Research Oriented Education1518 Words   |  7 PagesYale surfaced as drivers of this model and both public and private universities adopted the model as well. On a global level, these centers of learning were meant for the upper elite and were largely intended to train Puritan priests in the liberal arts (Thelin, 24-27). As a result, universities in America did little to promote social mobility in the twentieth century, given their focus on wealthy families. This was also true for European higher education that was not accessible to the general public

Stalin s Success And Failures Of Collectivization

Stalin’s launch for collectivization marked the beginning of what was often described as a third Russian Revolution (Davies, 1980). The threat of war in 1927 alongside a grain crisis in 1928 influenced Stalin’s collectivization ideas to turn into actions. This essay will discuss Stalin’s drive for this launch. It will cover both economic and political reasons as well as the effects it had on peasants and the overall Soviet state. The successes and failures of collectivization will be compared in the short-term and long-term. It will also go over whether a different approach would have given better, more efficient results. A statement of why this launch was not necessary will conclude this essay. Following the first signs of a possible threat of war from Britain in the Spring of 1927, the divide between Stalin and Bukharin in the Bolshevik party became more clear. In response to the cease of preexisting relations between the British police and USSR as well as the bomb planted in Leningrad that was traced back to British intelligence, Stalin, without Bukharin’s backing, opted for rapid industrialization. The country was not only at war with the outside world, but also at war with itself (Viola 1999: 21). Stalin responded to these threats with ideas to expand the economy, and improve defence and industry. However, the peasants’ response to war resulted in increased consumption levels, following with a drop in grain marketings (Viola 1999: 21). Stalin accused the peasants ofShow MoreRelatedStalin And The Soviet Union1700 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Joseph Stalin came into power the Soviet Union was a large and under developed country. Mostly agriculture, a high producer of grain but without industry. Only the capital Moscow had started to industrialize but in a very centralized area in small and slow steps. The Russian people had just been through World War 1, two revolutions in 1917, civil war and famine by the time Stalin took th e reigns of the country. All which had massive impacts on the state of the economy. Stalin saw Russia as weakRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Economic Policies of Stalin and Mao.941 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the economic policies of Stalin and Mao. In Russia and China, both Stalin and Mao emerged as almost god-like leaders despite making their respective countries endure harsh programs of reform all economically, politically and socially. Mao can be seen to have adopted the policies of Stalin, both inspired by the Marxist ideologies of Lenin. Both Stalin and Mao recognized the economic backwardness of their respective countries and wanted to use industrialization and collectivisationRead MoreStalin: Modernising the Ussr2155 Words   |  9 PagesStalin: Modernising the USSR Joseph Stalin is now remembered as one of the most ruthless and powerful dictators of all time. His regime was one of terror and oppression, and resulted in the deaths of millions of Soviets. As a young man, Stalin was involved in the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy. In 1904, he met Lenin at the first national Bolshevik conference in Finland before becoming the delegate to the Social Democratic Party. His job was to gather support for the BolshevikRead MoreTo What Extent Was Stalin‚Äà ´s Collectivization Successful?3096 Words   |  13 PagesPlan of investigation This investigation seeks to evaluate the extend of the success of Stalin’s collectivization in Russia during 1928 and 1940.Collectivization was one of the most important economic policies introduced in Russia because it can be described and evaluated from different angles, economic growth on the one hand,and the social cost of the policy,on the other. The main body of this investigation outlines Stalin’s aims, when and how the policy was implemented and whether it was a successfulRead MoreSoviet Union Case Study1316 Words   |  6 PagesSome underlying failures of the Soviet Union’s five year plans were well hidden from outsiders. The main failure was the forced collectivization of farms throughout the country. The primary issue with collectivization was that if a group failed to meet a quota set out by the government they would not be provided with adequate means to survive. The government barely provide enough for those who achieve the unrealistic quotas set o ut by them so failing to hit said quota would essentially cause forRead More Comparing Dictators Adolf Hitler versus Benito Mussolini versus Joseph Stalin1660 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare the three leaders who are famous for their dictatorship and totalitarianism during the 30s decade-Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin. Totalitarianism is when a government gains absolute and total control over the country, including the freedom of thought and will as well as the citizen?s lifestyle, no other political parties are allowed and has the concept where the country is most important. The difference and similarity between their ideology, usage of propagandaRead MorePolitical Ideologies And Social Methods2623 Words   |  11 Pagestotalitarian control of the state by a leader, or a small leadership group. Through a totalitarian approach Stalin controlled all aspects of life in Russia. He controlled the output of artists, musicians, and ideas in general, collec tivized the economy so it was state controlled, created a persona of himself and used the Great Terror as a way to ensure he would have no opposition. This is how Stalin remodeled the Soviet State successfully into a stronger nation, in his eyes, where the stats influencedRead MoreThe Year Plan By Joseph Stalin1818 Words   |  8 Pageseconomic goals created by Joseph Stalin in 1928 and was based on his policy of socialism. Stalin was alive for only 3 full 5 year plans. The first plan was made in 1928-1932 (considered to officially end later in 1932). One reason for the collectivisation of the Soviet agriculture was the number of industrial workers for the new factories. They also believed in that it would increase crop fields and help fund programs. In years of agricultural collectivization reforms would disrupt the Soviet foodRead MoreTo What Extent Was Josef Stalin’s Employment of Collectivisation a Successful Endeavour for the Soviet Economy?2100 Words   |  9 PagesPlan of the investigation: This investigation analyses the successes and failures of collectivisation in the Soviet Union, specifically looking at the impact it had on the peasants of Russia and whether it aided in satisfying the Soviet Union’s economic needs. In order to assess the extent to which collectivisation was a success, this investigation examines and evaluates the first few years of collectivisation, assessing collectivisation’s impact on the economy of the Soviet Union and the peopleRead MoreJoseph Stalin : A Leader Of The Soviet Union1561 Words   |  7 PagesSonny Lee S. Martinez English IV 4th Hour April 1, 2016 Joseph Stalin From the start of World War II in 1939, until the year of 1953, Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union. Hitler, who was a ruthless leader of Nazi Germany from 1934-1945. He initiated WWII and oversaw fascist policies that resulted in millions of deaths ( Adolf Hitler Biography 2016). Stalin and Hitler were the two brutal leaders during this time period and the both of them took many lives and caused fear all across

Alaska-Does Its Oil Save our Nation Free Essays

A territory is a large extent of land that belongs, or is under the jurisdiction of a certain government. It can also refer to a piece of land that is at a distance from the parent country or from the government itself (www.brainyquote. We will write a custom essay sample on Alaska-Does Its Oil Save our Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now com, 2008). The certain places called territory are important to the groups of people that inhabit them due to several reasons. It is because territory means power and its role in securing nationhood, security and prosperity is a key for their survival (City, 2008). The concept of territory can be linked to ethnic races, nation, and states. Ethnic territories are only available to a certain race of people also known as tribes, and its primary importance to them is for the preservation of their culture and the value of the land that they inherited from their ancestors. Territories in terms of nation are those that are available for different races of different countries, and its primary importance is for security and in terms of the natural sources that are located within their territory. Â  Lastly, territories between states refers to those area within the same country but having different jurisdiction, and its primary importance is for the specific types of rules and regulations being bound their culture, that are being implemented for these certain localities. The competing use of territories can result to different challenges and conflicts. There have been many records of these territorial conflicts and some specific examples will be presented in this paper. An example of conflict between territories is the conflict between Russians and British. The conflict resulted when Russia proclaimed their ownership of a certain part of the Artic. This caused turmoil because it was Britain to first lodge a territorial claim over Artic in 1908. This conflict also involved other nations who are preventing other countries for the occupancy of the Artic. The major cause of this conflict is the huge oil and other mineral sources that are believed to be lying beneath the Artic (Stewart, 2007). Another conflict over territory is the oil drilling issue between America and Alaska. President George W. Bush is promoting the tapping of the Northeast Alaskan Oil in order to support America’s increasing demand for energy supply. However, a state territorial conflict between America and some inhabitants of Alaska arises arises. This is mainly due to the issue that the oil that can be obtained from Alaskan deposits will not be sufficient enough to pay for the potential environmental damage that can result from oil spills and oil drilling activities (www.govspot.com, 2008). Lastly, another example of conflict for territory is that of the Chaco War. This war was the result of territorial conflict between Bolivia and Paraguay due to the expansion activities of both parties for them to gain better hold of the Paraguay River, also known as Chaco Boreal. The route of Paraguay River is thought by the Bolivians to contain large oil deposits and it may be their primary reason for desiring to get a hold of its territory. The net result of this territorial conflict was a cease fire in 1935 and three parts of the region was given to Paraguay as declared by a truce that was signed to end the conflict between Bolivia and Paraguay (Lindsay, n.d). From the cases of territorial conflicts and challenges presented in this paper, it can be concluded that territorial grabbing is rampant all around the world, and is due mainly to arising interests in resources and land ownership. Works Cited City, Jersey. (2008). The Importance of Territory. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://nandakumarchandran.sulekha.com/blog/post/2008/03/the-importance-of-territory.htm Lindsay, Ryan. (n.d.). The Chaco War. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from http://www.american.edu/ted/ice/chaco.htm Stewart, Graham. (2007). A Bitterly Cold War Over a Frozen Territory. Retrieved April 14, 2008 fromhttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/graham_stewart/article2195749.ece www.brainyquote.com. (2008). Territory. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://www.brainyquote.com/words/te/territory229138.html www.govspot.com. (2008). Alaska Oil Drilling. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from http://www.govspot.com/issues/anwr.htm How to cite Alaska-Does Its Oil Save our Nation, Papers

Financial Year Periods of Month Beginning

Question: Describe about the Financial Year for the Periods of Month Beginning. Answer: 1. 2014/15 Income year A financial year is a period of 12 months beginning 1st July every year (ss 4-1(1) and 995-1 ITAA97). The 2014/15 financial year started on 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2015. It is notable that you physically spent some days in Australia on this year. Therefore you will be submitted to the test of residency for the financial year 2014/15. There are four residency tests applied by the commissioner of tax to establish if a taxpayer is liable to income tax for a financial year or not. These tests are 183-day test, domicile, ordinary concept and superannuation test. The commissioner of tax has to satisfy only one out of these four tests to be declared as a residence of Australia and hence liable to income tax for the financial year. The above tests are discussed in this paper in depth to establish that you are not liable to income tax as a foreign residence in Australia for the financial year 2014/15. To begin with, it on record that you were physically present in the Australia for only 89 days during 2014/15 financial year and the rest were spent in England. You arrived on 1st February and left on 28th same month in the year 2015. Afterwards you came back on 1st may and stayed up to the end of 2014/15 financial year. This was as results of unavoidable tours back home to take care of your sick mother. The commissioner of tax will be satisfied that you dont qualify to be a residence of Australia for 2014/15 financial year under this 183 days test. Second, is the reside test that is based on the ordinary concepts to establish residence of an individual. It involves behavioural check on purpose of presence, location and maintenance of assets, employment or business ties and lastly social and living arrangements. It is notable that you had no other intention or living arrangements on the 2014/15 financial year. You were in Australia purposely for a job contract that you had been offered by an US based company for two year. It can be urged that you spared some of your furniture items that were valuable intending to use them on return. This shows that you had no intentions of extending your presence in Australia behold your contractual job. Furthermore, you didnt have any social ties that can be used to prove otherwise. In addition, you had no assets in Australia that can be used to show that you were planning to make Australia your abode. Therefore, the Commissioner of tax will not be able to sufficiently demonstrate routine or co ntinuity of behavior to prove the reside test. Thirdly is the domicile test which is meant to establish if an individual has his domicile in Australia. According to Domicile Act 1982 considerations of origin at birth and choice of a taxpayer to make Australia his or her domicile are considered in determining this test. This is applicable to Australians moving and working overseas and therefore not applicable to you as a foreigner who is an England nationalist by birth and choice till 30th June 2015. Lastly is the superannuation test that applies to commonwealth superannuation funds. Since you are not under any superannuation funds, you dont qualify to this category of test by default. In conclusion, am convinced behold doubts that you are not liable for income tax in Australia for the 2014/15 financial year. Haven stayed in Australia for only 89 days in a financial year cannot come closer to an individual being a residence under 183 days test. The domicile test is not applicable too to your case because you spent a very short period of time in Australia to make decisions on whether to make Australia a domicile or not. It is also impossible for the commissioner of tax to understand your behavioural traits during this financial year because of the short period of time that you spent in the country. So, the ordinary concepts test will not be applicable too .And the last superannuation test is not applicable to you since you arent a civil servant of a Commonwealth or under superannuation funds. It worth noted that out of the four tests for residency in Australia, there is non that will declare you residence of Australia for the 2014/15 financial year. Therefore, there is enough evidence to prove that you dont qualify to be an Australian residence for the 2014/15 financial year. 2015/16 Income year The 2015/16 financial year started on 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016. It in records that you arrived in Australia last financial year after which you went back to London under unavoidable circumstances and back to Australia. Several other activities occurred during this financial year and will need to be put into context. Therefore, the scenario will need an in depth analysis to sufficiently prove or disapprove residency test in this financial year. The residency test will comprise 183 days test, residency test, domicile test and superannuation test. By observing the 183 days test, it happens that you spent exactly 183 days in Australia for the 2015/16 income year. You were in Australia on the first three and half months in the beginning of the financial year i.e. July, August, September and October. Then you flied back to London for six months. You came back to Australia on mid April 2016 till the end of the financial year on 30th June 2016. Following this account, you are not liable to income tax since the Act requires more than 183 days for an individual to be considered a residence of Australia in a specified year. Resides test uses ordinary concepts to establish if an individual is a residence for taxation in a specified financial year. This test will consider family or employment or business ties, purpose or intention of presence, location and maintenance of an asset and lastly the social and living arrangements by an individual while in Australia (Tax Ruling 98/17). It in records that you were in Australia for 183 days of 2015/16 financial year and the other half of the year in London elapsing sufficient time for the commissioner of tax to account on your stay. On August 2015, you bought a house in Sydney. You got married on 1st September creating a family tie and living arrangements in Australia. Being in married to Romeo, you changed your intentions and purpose of presence in the country. You also disclosed your love and will to stay in Australia indefinitely. Following these accounts, Commissioner of tax will be able to show that you created social and living arrangement, acquired assets, got family ties and your intentions to stay in Australia indefinitely. Therefore, he will be able to sufficiently demonstrate that you be considered a residence of Australia for the 2015/16 income year under resides test. The domicile test will be undertaken by Commissioner of tax to establish that though you moved oversees, you had abode in Australia. You got married to Romeo who is a permanent residence of Sydney and your intentions to stay in Australia indefinitely and being overseas didnt change your choice for Australia as your domicile. Since you were not planning to get another permanent home overseas, the Commissioner of tax will be able to satisfy that though you have been outside the country, you have not changed your domicile in Australia. The fourth and final test will be superannuation test which is not applicable to your case. You are in Australia as an employee contracted by a private company and therefore not related to commonwealth superannuation fund. In conclusion, it my pleasure to inform you that you will be liable to income tax in Australia for the 2015/16 financial year. This is because; the commissioner of tax will have sufficient evidence to demonstrate that you passed ordinary concepts test and domicile test. Though the commissioner will not be able to satisfy the other two tests, it stipulated in the Act that only one out of the four tests has to be established for the individual to be liable for tax in the concluded financial year. Therefore, you will be treated as a residence of Australia and be required to pay all your tax liabilities without failure. 2. Prime cost method Items declining in value; Stove $900 = 37.5 Hot water services $2000 = 83.3 Carpets $3500 =175 Furniture and fittings $5000 =187.5 Management commission; 5%$13900=$ 695 Rental property Statement For the year ended 30th June 2016 Gross Income $13,900 Deductions on Repair General repairs and maintenance $6000 Fixing broken front door $1000 Total Deductions on Repair $7000 Expenses Depreciation Stove $37.5 Hot water Service $83.3 Carpets $175 urniture and fittings $187.5 Management commission $695 Total expenses 1178.3 Taxable income $5721.7 2(b) Gross rent received for the current financial year is a very essential component to declare. Rent is referred to as a payment in exchange of use of someone else property for a specified agreed amount of time .It is an ordinary income (Adelaide Fruit and Produce Exchange Co v FCT ,1932). George has to show the Commissioner of tax the total amount received from the rental property. It is from this component that assessable income is calculated. George received $13900 for the whole year as the rental income. It is mandatory for George to disclose total income received because it the first step for taxable income computation. General repairs and maintenance are specific deductions that are included in the statement of rental property. These repairs have provisions in the income tax legislation and the taxpayer is offered a deduction for the cost incurred to repair an income generating capital. The expenses incurred were meant to restore the rental house functionality and therefore qualifies for deduction. These general repairs and maintenances were carried out in the course of a business that was income generating (s25-10). George incurred $1200 on general repairs and maintenance on his rental property and this amount is subject to deduction from the taxable income. Replacement of damaged fibro roof with long lasting color bond has been excluded in the statement of rental property. Replacing fibro roof involves replacement of the whole asset (roof) with another type of roof that is long lasting (color bond).This color bond roof is a capital expense and not deductable as stipulated in the Act (s25-10(3). Replacing with new longer lasting color bond improved the house surpassing the original roof (FCT v Western Suburbs Cinemas Ltd, 1952). George incurred $15000 on replacing damaged roof with a better color bond roof that is more durable. He is not entitled to repair deductions in this case because the expense will be deemed as a capital expense. The interpretation of the precedent FCT v Western Suburbs Cinemas Ltd(1952), placed into context that a repair should restore a defect by use of existing materials into functionality and not acquiring new items. New furniture and fittings are also excluded in the statement of rental property. According to section 25-10, these items are categorized as capital expense because they improve the facilities of the house. The new furniture enhanced the character of the property offering advancement to the existing property. George acquired new furniture and fitting for his rental house at $1200. This amount is a capital expense that he used to improve the rental property. This is not deductable from the assessable income. The act of repainting the front fence is not a repair expense and has been excluded in the statement of the rental property. Repainting is done to improve the existing paint of the wooden pickets to make them look better. The existing paint has no defect to be repainted but it the choice of George for the repainting to be carried out. For an item to be included for repair reduction, the property must be in need of restoration or have defects that require remedy for the property to work properly. George incurred $2500 to carry out repainting of the front fence. This amount is not recognized as deductible repairs because it meant to improve the property (s 25-10(3). Therefore it falls under category of capital expenditure on repairs. Fixing the broken door has been included in the list of items that will have repair deductions. The act of fixing involves remedy action to correct defects for the full functionality of the item. The door need to be fixed for the property to operate (Case J47(1958) . Therefore, fixing the door is a repair expense and will be deductable to the tax payers assessable income. George incurred $1000 to fix the broken door that was damaged. This amount is deductible from the assessable income because it is used to remedy the defects of an income generating property by restoring functionality Depreciation of assets has been included in the statement of rental property. Depreciation is a capital allowance deductible for the capital expenditure. The depreciating assets in the statement are stove, carpets, hot water service, furniture and fittings. These items have a limited effective life and do decline in value from the time they start to be used (s 40-30(1)). The declining value of the items in the above statement has been determined through prime method .When choosing a method of declining value of an item; caution has to be taken to avoid changing a method once it has been chosen or overstating base value because it can lead to fine if the commissioner of tax finds out (s 40-130). For instance, the use of furniture for one year will decline in value from the initial value due to tear and wear. Therefore it held that a taxpayer can claim deductions equal to depreciated value. For example, George will claim $175 for carpets while filling returns for the rental property. G eorge will also be offered deductions for capital allowances as follows; stove $37.5, hot water service $83.3, carpets $175, furniture and fittings $187.5. The management commission has been included in the statement of rental property as an expense. This commission represents the operation cost of running the rental property for the year. George is entitled to deduction of operating expense since taxable income is made up of net inflows of an investment. He has incurred $ 695 to pay the Honest Chris Real Estate for managing the property for the whole year. However, this amount is deducted from the taxable income. And finally is the taxable income. This is the amount that is subjected to the tax scale to obtain the tax payable by an individual or a business. It obtained by subtracting all the capital allowances and the expenses incurred in the financial year from the income received. George has a taxable income of $5721.7 after being allowanced capital deductions in form of depreciations and expenses he incurred in the financial year. This amount ($5721.7) will be subjected to the tax scale to realize Georges tax liability for the year. References Federal Court of Australia, Queensland District Registry: Jupiters Ltd v. Deputy Commissioner of Taxation. (2002). Gaming Law Review, 6(6), 571-576. Ford, H. (1959). Taxation in Australia. The American Journal Of Comparative Law, 8(2), 238. Haratsis, B. (1982). Property taxation in Australia. [Cambridge, Mass.]: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Gaudet, G. Lasserre, P. (1986). Capital income taxation, depletion allowances, and nonrenewable resource extraction. Journal Of Public Economics, 29(2), 241-253 McDonald, R. Western Australia 2007 Convention papers. Passant, J. Income Tax in Australia: From Appearance to Reality. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2365726 Lehmann, G. Coleman, C. (1989). Taxation law in Australia. Sydney: Butterworths. Raad, C. Alpert, H. (1993). Essays on international taxation. Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers. Economic Rent and Taxation - A Lawyer's Guide. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1987571 Parsons, R. (1985). Income taxation in Australia. Sydney: Law Book Co. Yates, J. (1994). IMPUTED RENT AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION. Rev Income Wealth, 40(1), 43-66. Law shipping Co Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioner (1923). FCT v Western Suburbs Cinemas Ltd (1952) Guide to depreciation. (1996). Canberra. W Thomas Co Pty Ltd v FCT (1965) Mills, S. (1925). Taxation in Australia. London: Macmillan and Co. Australian income tax legislation 2011. (2011). North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Prince, J. B. (2013). Tax for Australians for dummies: 2012-13 edition. Milton, Qld: Wiley Pub. Australia Pty Ltd.

Katy pery roar free essay sample

The song I chose to analyze is â€Å"Roar† sung by Katy Perry. Dr. Luke and Bonnie McKee wrote the lyrics. She is a fabulous singer and is only 29 years old. She is an American award-winning singer, songwriter, businesswoman, philanthropist, sex symbol, and actress from Santa Barbara. She is the first female artist to have five number one singles on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 from one album. Roar is a song about being able to finally speak up for yourself. † It’s an empowerment stomper about transforming oneself from a passive being to a fiery person who can stand up for his or herself. The song has given much hope to many and relays a message of courage and strength. Many groups have used it as their theme song as well as dying teens and people with disabilities. Katy even had a contest on Good Morning America for high schools to interpret the song and she selected the best interpretation and sang the song live for them at their school. We will write a custom essay sample on Katy pery roar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The winning school produced a video, which showed the entire school coming together and working as a team to show school spirit. Katy selected them because it demonstrated cohesiveness of the student body and organization. It encompassed every student showing that they have the courage to work together as a group to form a strong common bond. In analyzing the lyrics of the song, Katy said, â€Å"Roar is a song that I sing to really stand up for myself, finally, and hopefully people are going to adopt that same message. † I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything† can mean she didn’t have something to believe in and strive for, she would fall for anything including things people said. In the pre chorus it says, â€Å"You held me down, but I got up (hey! Already brushing off the dust,† means her enemies, ex husband or musical obstacles, pinned her to the ground, preventing her from reaching her highest potential. Except it didn’t last. As soon as she breaks free, she’s already ready to lash back with both her claws, and her voice. In the chorus the words are â€Å"I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter Dancing through the fire Cause I am a champion, and you’re gonna hear me roar Louder, louder than a lion Cause I am a champion, and you’re gonna hear me roar! † This could mean that she is a fighter trying to survive and she gives an example of a tiger because that’s what a tiger does. She is fighting to take her life back from her abuser. She has had enough of the abuse and realizes she deserves so much better. The next part means to have fun while doing it. The next stanza is when she finally gets through her struggles. She is screaming from excitement. In verse two her first line is â€Å" I’m floating like a butterfly, this is personification. She is happy now and flying free. At last she is free from the hardships that have left her grounded. In the lines: â€Å"I guess that I forgot I had a choice. I let you push me past the breaking point. I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything† Katy describes how many victims feel in abusive relationships. Katy uses different writing techniques in the song. As previously mentioned she uses personification. She uses some rhyming as in the lines, â€Å"You hear my voice, you hear that sound, Like thunder gonna shake the ground. † This can be interpreted as when she finally gets angry enough she will yell (or roar) and it will be loud enough so every one will hear her. â€Å"Stinging like a bee, I earned my stripes† is an example of a metaphor. She shows that she can rebound and stand tall when others are not expecting it. She won’t be timid and invisible and will demonstrate that she can be strong when least expected. The tune to the song is very upbeat. Katy starts singing it rather slow, softly and monophonic. When she sings about how she is going to fight back and not take it anymore, the music becomes louder as if she is roaring for the world to hear. The strophic post chorus, â€Å"You’re gonna hear me roar† is repeated as her way of telling her audience of how she is going to react to the situations she gets in. She is going to fight to defeat anything that will be detrimental to her and when she does win, she will scream so everyone will know she is the winner. This song is significant to me because it shows that all people, including celebrities, when they have a hard time with something, can get through it. This means that anyone can put his/her heart out to change and fight and want to do it. I know that I have had many obstacles and challenges in my life in which I have fought to overcome, so today instead of hiding, I am roaring.

Linguistic Register and Code Switching

Linguistic Register and Code Switching Linguistic Register and Code Switching Linguistic Register and Code Switching By Mark Nichol â€Å"Linguistic register† refers to the concept of adapting one’s use of language to conform to standards or traditions in a given professional or social situation, and writers and editors will benefit from recognizing the distinction between registers. The five general categories follow: Intimate register is the highly informal language used among family members and close friends, and may include private vocabulary known only to two people or a small group, as well as nonverbal cues exclusive to the pair or group. Casual register is the informal language of a broader but still well-defined social group, and includes slang, elliptical and elided sentences, and frequent interruption. Consultative register is moderately formal language that marks a mentor-protege or expert-novice relationship, such as that between a doctor and a patient or a teacher and a student. Formal register is language spoken between strangers or in a technical context. Frozen register is ritualistic or traditional, as in religious ceremonies or legal proceedings. Various registers, therefore, are distinguished by not only by sophistication of vocabulary but also by complexity and regularity of grammar and syntax. It is vital to note, however, that register is associated not with the speaker or writer but with the professional or social environment; a person can conceivably, within a given day, communicate in each of the five linguistic registers in assorted interpersonal interactions. A related term is diatype, which means â€Å"language distinguished by the professional or social purpose,† and is often distinct from dialect, which means â€Å"language spoken by an individual or a group,† though a particular form of language may qualify for both definitions. The three factors in diatype are field, or subject matter; mode, or the form of communication (written, spoken, and so on); and tenor, or the participants and their professional or social relationships. Mode is further defined by the degree of preparation whether the communication is improvised or prepared, or somewhere in between and by the rhetorical purpose, including expository, narrative, or persuasive. Another term relevant to linguistic register is code-switching, which varies in meaning but for our purposes refers to flexibility in adhering to a register within or between communications. One of the most noticeable examples of code-switching in U.S. urban areas is the divergent use by black people of standard American English and Black English (appropriately, known in a more formal register as African American Vernacular English). The difference between speech among adolescents and their conversations with parents and other authority figures is also code-switching. Writers and editors must be at least subconsciously aware of linguistic register. In fiction, a given character may necessarily shift among several, if not all, degrees in a given story, and the character’s fidelity to the appropriate register in each situation will in part determine the writer’s success. Nonfiction also relies on attention to linguistic register, in that a topic for one article or essay may require consultative register, while another may call for casual or formal register and the writer must sometimes consider whether code-switching within one piece is an appropriate strategy. (You get my drift?) This discussion does not suggest that writers and editors must dispassionately analyze writing for technical adherence to linguistic register in order to succeed. But wordsmiths who recognize the distinctions will be more successful in facilitating communication in both informational and creative prose. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Does "Mr" Take a Period?One Scissor?

Analyzing Conflict and the Influence of a Collaborative Environment Essay

Analyzing Conflict and the Influence of a Collaborative Environment - Essay Example This included Tim, a senior editor. Laura was working at the place for close to a month while she and fellow workers went out for happy hour one evening. All of them had a good time consuming fair alcohol amounts. While all left the bar heading home, Tim, with a secret attraction to Laura ever since they started working on the journal, solicited a cab offering to ride together with Laura. Laura was okay with the offer. While inside the cab, Tim suddenly initiated an aggressive sexual encounter towards her. Aggravated, Laura also pushed him from her telling him to go away from the cab. Full og mortification, Tim suddenly slinked from the cab. The following day, Laura went to work with particular apprehension. Tim went to her office to apologize for the inappropriate behavior previous night. With relief from his apology, Laura did not pursue the issue through normal channels across the office. She thought that Tim’s apology meant no need of dwelling on the past. Laura was one of the new employees and was learning office politics while proving to be a competent editor. She was not interested in rocking the boat and bringing negative attention towards herself. All would have remained well if only Tim settled on one sincere apology. However, he kept apologizing whenever he was alone with Laura. When he initially began apologizing, Laura assured him that "it was fine". After two months of constant apologies, she was convinced that even though she requested him to stop apologizing, this was to no avail. Full of frustrations, she shared the issue with few of her co-workers. In the end, the co-workers watered down respect for Tim. The initial conflict cause was the cab’s sexual advance occurring in rather private setting. Sexual overtures remain inherently private even though consequences play out in public contexts. In fact, the sole reason for Laura going to the Ombudsman was that this conflict classified as ‘private’ while wanting to

Gambling in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gambling in Australia - Essay Example This has impacted on families, government, the society and employee, due to the addiction provided by the gambling activities. To control the gambling activities in Australia, states have been passing legislations that are aimed at regulating the gaming activities. The Papua New Guinea in 2007 passed one of these resolutions aimed at regulating land based and online gaming activities. This regulation was aimed at granting casino license to any gambling service provider based in Australia or foreign (Diaconu, 2010). The Vanuatu parliament had enacted such regulations in 2000, seeking to limit the players’ age limit and controlling the gaming activities through strict control of the gambling criteria. The problem of alcohol intake and smoking has been that as passive gaming increases, the rate at which the gamers smoke and take alcohol drastically increase. The drug addiction has led the Australian Gaming Council to undertake initiatives of sensitizing the gamers concerning resp onsible gaming activities (Australian Gaming Council, 2008). According to Fabianson (2010), the gambling activities and the alcohol related intake in passive gaming have been on the rise in low level education class of people, with males dominating the gaming activities. ... The Australian National Drugs Strategy, ANDS argues that gambling has resulted to increased rates of social problems. Gambling as the ANDS elaborates affects a larger population than the individual and pathological gambling is listed as an impulsive control disorder. The disorders are driven by the arousal, pleasure and gratification. The ANDS report elaborates that recurrent gambling behavior that leads to addiction results to significant disruptions in family, personal, vocational, social lives. The compulsive behavior has resulted to job losses as employees are addicted, and they have to take the gaming activity to fulfill the string desired in gambling addiction. This is aggravated by the heavy drugs intake that results from the passive gaming activities, and has exposed many gamers to health risks (Diaconu, 2010). The Australian gambling sector has however been instrumental to the economy of the country despite the social impact it has created. It is estimated that in 2001-2002 Australians gambled away AUD 13.8 billion (Clark, Cho & Hoyler, 2010). The gambling industry created more than 9000 new jobs in three years from 2001, and as Fabiasnson (2010) argues, gambling has been a good source of income to the government through heavy taxation, and other levies that result from gaming activities. Gambling clubs as Fabianson further elaborates have been involved in many communal based projects in initiating developments in many parts of Australian communities, as a requirement to channel part of their proceed to the public good. The gaming activities have been instrumental in the economy and development as a source of income to the governments in Australia. Despite the positive side of

Statement of purpose study abroad (USA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statement of purpose study abroad (USA) - Essay Example Multi national companies are diversifying their operations globally across various countries. The diversified working environments and regulations persisting in the respective countries require very versatile skills to cope with. I would like to enhance these diversified knowledge requirements by pursuing exchange program in management studies at the most renowned universities of the USA. Unites states with the mammoth volume of the economy and the kind of financial firms present, would present a perfect learning platform about various intricacies of finance and accounting practices that could serve as key learning principles for an accounting professional like me. My international exposure at Australian university has boosted my intention of acquiring global knowledge of Accounting and finance. I would like to take a deep dive into the accounting concepts in my stint with "University of California" to elevate my expertise in my core field of accounting and finance. United States houses the most well established accounting and financial institutions of the world with great career prospects. These companies provide unique working ambience and diversified working culture. As an international student I would like to explore the rich culture and knowledge base of America.

The role and effect of culture jamming

The role and effect of culture jamming Culture jamming can be defined as activities to resist consumerism, globalisation, and corporate advertising, which based idea of liberation, in order to affect and change advertising saturation society for better (Sandlin Milam, 2008; Barber, 2007). The development of mass medias technology, especially internet technology, supports different pathways for culture jammers to extend their opinions, such as Adbusters magazines, Anti-Pearlman Permanent Poster League on Facebook, and Reverend Billy and the Church of Stop Shopping (Sandlin Milam, 2008; Nomai, 2008). Culture jammers provide another way to understand the world and critical analyse the modern commercial culture. First of all, consumers could have chance consider the other side of advertisements via culture jamming movements. Products providers claim the best aspects of their products, sometimes consumers are encouraged to purchase the products which may harm for their healthy and not very environment friendly, such as alcohol, cigarettes, and some eco-cleaning products (Hickman, 2010). Therefore, culture jammers insert their ideas in existed advertisements to show the other side of truth. For example, as picture 1 shows, culture jammers try to warn people stop drinking and keep health with changing Absolut Vodka advertisement. Picture 1 Secondly, culture jammers against consumerism to protect human well being, based on the idea of liberation (Sandlin Milam, 2008). According to Rumbo (2002), in 1996, American people were exposed to 3600 advertisements per day, culture jammers believe these advertisements will change consumers daily life and beliefs (Behr, 2010). Kasser and kanner (2005) argued that advertisements encouraged people more materialistic because they want to compare with images of wealthy people. Results from this, culture jammers appeal anti-consumerism campaign to opposite advertisements and logo of brands (Rumbo, 2002). Picture 2 shows that culture jammers resist corporate advertising and screaming for more personal space. A video from Youtube showed similar argument of culture jammers (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJTCWtcAewsfeature=player_embedded). Picture 2 (Picture from internet) Furthermore, as results of some mainstream commercial advertisements have negative moral effects on citizens, culture jammers try to persuade people to be better. Take an instance, advertisements of violence against women have influences on high rape criminal rate in US (Capella et al, 2010). Culture jammers reject these legal but effective advertisements, for example, there is a video on Youtube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp6gjxCRuxs) to appeal people. Another problem is advertisements contains violent criminal relate to peoples attitude because violence pictures can be captured and memorised easily (Scharrer, 2004; Soderlund Dahlen, 2010). Under this situation, culture jamming activities have positive affects. However, ethical consideration in culture jamming activities should be reviewed as well. For example, putting leaf posters on public facilities is hard to clean and make city dirty, as Picture 3 shows. At same time, culture jammers applied similar advertising method as other mainstream advertising, for instance, there is a video on Youtube for culture jamming Facebook (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gR5gEy3HkzE), and however, the facts which were stated were not persuasive but seem like in purpose. Picture 3 (The picture was taken on 24/02/2010, in Liverpool) To sum up, activities of culture jamming have positive effects on re-building commercial life and explore a different way to understand the hidden meaning of advertisements. On the other hand, the formations of culture jamming could be considered because of negative aspects. Leaf posters and illegally advertisements which posted by culture jammers would give bad impressions on these good activities. 2. Does our fascination with celebrity add value to our lives? Celebrity is a social phenomenon today. Celebrity could be described as people who are well known by others, much talked about, and notoriety (Pendfold-Mounce, 2009). According to Rojek (2001), celebrities can be classified by status, including ascribed (blood relationship), achieved (talented people and hard workers), and attributed (who are created instantly) celebrities. Modern mass media support the development of celebrity industry, numbers of celebrities are created and the amount of obsessions increased dramatically (Pendfold-Mounce, 2009; Cashmore, 2006). Particularly attributed celebrities are benefited from mass media, such as celetoids who become famous by public scandals, celeactors which are fictional roles originally (Rojek, 2001). The effects and values of celebrities in our life should be critical analysed, because this depends on personality of celebrities and the way of advertising by medias. Michael Jackson will be used as an example in this essay. Negative effects of celebrity, especially attributed celebrities, are concerned for decades, and it is still a problem of society which should be solved. This means there are harmful impacts if celebrities perform as bad example in their products or daily gossips. Penfold-Mounce (2009) embodied celebrities relate to criminal and ethical challenges today. Celebrities who have criminal records or moral considerations, for example, Michael Jackson was accused of sexual abuse in 1993, will have bad affect on attitudes of people, especially teenagers (Daily Mail, 2009). Additionally, celebrity culture also influences the career choice of students and their academic achievements. For instance, over 30% of pupils claimed want to become famous as who they adored (BBC News (a), 2008). Meanwhile, adults cannot avoid the effects of celebrities as well. Take an instance, some marketers try to infantilize adults via celebrity advertisements and other visual products (Barber, 2007; Boon Lomore, 2 006). Under this situation, celebrity is useless for add value on our lives but only make troubles. On the other hand, celebrities could impact people positively if they perform well and mass media advertise good aspects. Furedi (2010) stated that celebrities gossips may represent peoples daily lives and give them psychological comforts. At same time, celebrities promote healthy lifestyle and attitude to people. For example, Michael Jacksons Beat it is very exciting and encourage people to face difficulties. Because of the appeal of celebrities, they contribute a lot in charities and other aspects of society, such as Michael Jackson were awarded result from his contributions in Afrcia (BBC News (b), 2009). Indeed, celebrities procedure of achievements like Michael Jackson could encourage people fighting for dreams (Cashmore, 2006; Furedi, 2010). In addition, the creation and commodification of celebrities TV shows (e.g. X-Factors) encourage ordinary people to achieve their dreams. Especially the players in these shows could share their ideas to public and make it as recognitions (F uredi, 2010). Additionally, this may close the distance between celebrities and ordinary people (Cashmore, 2006). Picture 4 (Picture from internet) Overall, celebrities and celebrity culture have effects in our daily lives. It is hard to say which side is more, just like the case of Michael Jackson. However, the problems which are made by celebrities or celebrity culture could be solved if mass media and celebrity industry select more disciplined players. Meanwhile, journalists and media companies disclose more positive news but not only gossips, the celebrity culture is worth for our well being. 3. Marketers who target children are no better than paedophiles. All marketing to kids should be banned. Purchasing power of children is not only affect on children but also their families. Children market was worth $24 billion and encouraged another $500 billion in family consumption indirectly years ago (Moore, 2004). Therefore, marketers target to children and wish to make more profit. However, debates on ethical considerations about advertising to children via mass media are argued for a long time, because there are negative effects in these advertisements. At same time, result from some positive implications of marketing to children, advertising to kids could not be denied at all. Advertisement for children has negative effects on lifestyle and attitude of children, especially food habits and materialism. First of all, large proportion of TV advertisements targeted children is food and drinks, particularly sweets and convenience food which are less healthy (Gunter et al, 2005; McGinnis et al, 2006). Otherwise, some advertisements contain violence or contents are not suit for children (Truman, 2004). This implicates lifestyle of people for long and may influence on social problem today. For example, approximately 16% of children and adolescence in US have problem on obesity (McGinnis et al, 2006). Additionally, advertisements carry marketers bias which may affect attitudes of children. Indeed, children have less ability of judgement when they receive the information which is included in advertisements (Hofferth, 2010; Pettersson Fjellstrom, 2006). Under this situation, children may fall in materialism and consumerism (Barber, 2007). Take an instance, advertisements for Christmas may encourage children to ask more gifts from parents (Gunter et al, 2005). In addition, children would like to ask for payments if their parents want help from them (BBC News(c), 2011). Due to the negative effects of advertising to children, some countries limit this kind of commercial activities, such as Australia has time limitation for childrens advertisements, Sweden bans all advertisements which aimed at children below 12 years old, and UK has detailed regulations for advertisements as well (Gunter et al, 2005). Control the contents of advertisements for children via National law are important, because media companies do not want to take risks to post unethical advertisements. Beyond national codes, education of acknowledging advertisements from parents and school are as equal important in this field. Result from children become more important in family consumption life, consumer education for children is essential for avoiding deceives from marketers (Pettersson Fjellstrom, 2006). Children may not know the meaning of advertisements, therefore, how they understand the advertisements are rely on explanations of their parents (Gunter et al, 2005). Another path for pupils understanding advertisements is school education (Gunter et al, 2005). For instance, it is legal to advertising to children in schools in England (Clark, 2004), and this is chance for teaching students how to judge advertisements. On the other hand, advertising to children appropriately may have positive influences. Similarly as mentioned above, advertisements could be inserted the information which is good for children, such as help children to recognise and memorise some culture issues, for example, the meaning of Christmas festival (Gunter et al, 2005). Meanwhile, advertisements are supposed to send healthy lifestyle and attitudes to children and that will have positive implications if there are enough detailed codes for the media companies (Hofferth, 2010). Some companies did advertisement which contains contents good for children, for example, PG Kids Winter Olympics commercial (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGgwfjA0V14). Overall, commercial advertisements have negative influences on children because marketers want to sell more products. However, the power of advertisement should be admitted and use it for the better. National laws are effective on this subject and detailed codes will let companies create better advertisement good for commercial and children. 4. We would all be better off without supermarkets. In the UK, five biggest supermarket chains such as Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda take over 80% of grocery market share (NewStatesman, 2003). In the meantime, less and less corner shops can survive when supermarkets closed in. Approximate 100,000 corner shops were closed since 1940s (NewStatesman, 2003). Supermarkets look like double-edged sword, provide conveniences to consumers but also damage society, particularly they change the concept and behaviour of shopping. Indeed, supermarket is the future because it can use sources more effectively. Supermarket chains have advantages to compete with small independent shops and provide convenience to customers. First of all, supermarket is more effective and provides one-stop service for customers. For example, people can find everything they need in one big supermarket (Taylor, 2011). Secondly, cheaper and quality products are provided by supermarket chains, especially supermarket named products (Simms, 2007). Moreover, supermarkets can create employee occupations for local people. Tesco claimed 140 jobs are created in each new store (Monbiot, 2009). However, comparing with benefits which are brought by supermarkets, more damages are created to consumers and society at same time. Firstly, damages will be discussed from stand point of consumers. Shoppers are dissatisfied with supermarkets. According to Simms (2007), around 50% of people feel unhappy when they are shopping in Tesco because of bored, stress and other unpleasant reasons. In addition, the price of products is not as cheap as supermarkets claimed. For instance, bread, eggs, and milk are more expensive than local independent shops (Taylor, 2011). Food price is higher than rate of inflation recently and supermarket is considered as a sector which push price going up (Wearden, 2011). Meanwhile, it is trap to shopping in supermarkets because people try to full fill their trolleys, which means spend more money (Taylor, 2011). On the other hand, less variety of food can be found in supermarkets (Eastbourne Herald, 2011) Supermarket chains dominate market which has negative effects on interests of suppliers, communities and local authorities as well. Supermarkets squeeze suppliers because they have market and suppliers have to dependent on them, particularly farmers (Arnold, 2004; Gray, 2003; Timpson, 2011). Figure 1 shows the supermarkets and mid-chains grind farmers. Indeed, it is untrue that a new supermarket store could provide 140 jobs but at least over 270 unemployed will happen (Monbiot, 2009). Some people who loss jobs were corner shop owners, and they created 5 times job opportunities than supermarkets originally (Monbiot, 2009; Simms, 2007). Due to corner shop owners are almost local people, the shop could be the connection for community, and residents have chance to have conversation usually (Simms, 2007; NewStatesman, 2003). Figure 1 (Arnold, 2004) Simms argued that big supermarket chains like Tesco may kidnap local authorities to ask what they want (2007). Over 90% of the population choose to go to supermarkets as first option when they want to shopping (Arnold, 2004). This means supermarkets have been vital role in our daily life and government should follow them. Another advantage of supermarket chains is they can keep on appealing local authorities base on their tremendous financial power, for example, the turnover of Tesco in 2008 is 47 billion (Simms, 2007). Supermarket chains provide conveniences to people before they become profit earning machine. People can enjoy shopping and have chance to get cheaper but good quality products. However, supermarkets tie up the whole society and transform the traditional shopping habit of all consumers, even authorities cannot beat them. Supermarket is good for using resources more effectively, but appropriate control is necessary. 5. Is that acceptable to buy fake brands? Counterfeiting of named brands is an international commercial problem today. Piracy is illegal and unethical, however, people still buying. There are two types of consumers perspective on counterfeits purchasing behaviourdeceptive and non-deceptive (Wilcox et al, 2009; Nia Zaichkowsky, 2000). Deceptive counterfeiting damages consumers benefits because it exists among genuine products and hard to be distinguished. Non-deceptive counterfeiting is fully recognised by consumers but they wish to purchase (Wilcox et al, 2009). No matter what kind of reason, it is not acceptable to buy counterfeit brands. Some people argued that counterfeits helped genuine brands promoting to customers. Counterfeits may increase awareness of named brands and bring additional orders for genuine manufactories (Staake et al, 2009). McCartney stated that people buy counterfeits when they young and ignorant, but genuine products are their pursuit when they become elder (2005). Indeed, customers may think counterfeits are inferior and cannot be compared with original products on quality. Therefore, fake products cannot devalue the genuine brands, manufactories and marketers concentrate on creating strong positive images and good quality products will bring success (Nia Zaichkowsky, 2000). The counterfeits may have positive effects as stated above, but this is not the reason to buy fake products. Meanwhile, it is impossible to ban all counterfeits because of high profit and consumers desire of luxury brand which encourage counterfeiters to take risks (Wilcox et al, 2009). Counterfeiters can obtain high profit because there is no expensive design and advertising cost, and raw material cost is low because of quality (Juggessur Cohen, 2009). Consumers will to buy fake named fashion products because of psychological reason. Counterfeits such as clothes, bags and shoes seem harmless and cheaper, especially some counterfeiters could provide the products which similar as genuine, this may be why people could accept fake products (Cathcart, 2007). However, fake brand products disrupt normal commercial life and bring social problems. Companies like Burberry claimed loss every year because of counterfeits, for example, US counterfeit market was worth $155 million in 2006 (Hilton et al, 2004). Furthermore, counterfeiters are also invading in low-end markets and bring negative effects. Take an instance, Kiwi label in Africa lose 20% sales overall because of counterfeit products, as a result, some plants have to be closed and people lose their jobs (Businessweek, 2008). Purchasing fake products would decrease the income of named companies and increase unemployment rate, this is bad for development of economy and security of society. Therefore, stop buying counterfeits and learning knowledge about anti-counterfeit is necessary. Moreover, purchasing fake products is not respect on creation. Branded companies invest huge capital to develop new products for consumers. This is the cost which should be collected back on selling. However, it is not sustainable development if people do not buy genuine products but counterfeits (Staake et al, 2009). For example, Microsoft lost $2 billion in China in 2007 because of counterfeiting (Microsoft, 2007). It is a disaster if China is main market of Microsoft because that means the company cannot obtain money back on time to develop new product. To sum up, fake brands might have some positive effects which are proved. However, negative influences are main part of discussion. People buy counterfeits will bring legal and moral considerations, and affect on normal business life. Indeed, unemployment and slower creating may attribute to this behaviour.

Critical analysis on Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

[A]nd as we struck into town and up through the middle of it--it was as much as half-after eight, then--here comes a raging rush of people, with torches, and an awful whooping and yelling, and banging tin pans and blowing horns; and we jumped to one side to let them go by; and as they went by, I see they had the king and the dike astraddle of a rail--that is I knowed it was the king and the duke, thought was all over tar and Feathers, and didn’t look like nothing in the world that was human--just looking like a couple of monstrous big soldier-plumes. Well, it made me sick to see it; and I was sorry for them poor pitiful rascals, it seemed like I couldn’t never feel any hardness against them any more in the world. It was a dreadful thing to see. Human beings can be awful cruel to one another. In the above passage from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, Tom and Huck walk through the middle of a town and see two con artists (the king and duke) who they had encountered earlier in their adventures. The king and duke have been captured and are being carried "astraddle of a rail" (369), which websters.com defines as being â€Å"on or above and extending onto both sides,† covered with tar and feathers through the town. The above passage displays why Huck disagrees with the public mistreatment and humiliation of others. According to the online encyclopedic website, www.wikipedia.org, tarring and feathering was a typical punishment used to enforce justice, with roots dating back to as early as 1191 with Richard I of England. The goal of tarring and feathering was to hurt and humiliate a person enough so that they would leave town and not cause any more mischief. Hot tar was poured onto a criminal while he was immobilized, then feathers were either thrown onto the criminal from buckets or the criminal was thrown into a pile of feathers and rolled around. The criminal was then taken to the edge of town and released in the hopes of him never returning. The feathers would stick to the tar for days making the person's sentence clear to the public. Tarring and feathering was eventually abandoned because it did nothing to rehabilitate the criminal. Huck tells his readers that after the king and duke are tarred and feathered that they look ".

Uniform Code of Military Justice

Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entire Uniform Code of Military Justice. It lays down the ground law, which is the absolute line that may not be crossed. Everything else in the UCMJ is an explanation of the various forms that disobeying an order can take. Without the support given by Article 92, service members would be free to do whatever they want, whenever they want, and wouldn't be any more accountable than a civilian could in a civilian job. However, service members are held to a higher standard.We are the line that protects this country and we are the defense against the storm. Without us, this country would not exist and could not exist. And for that, I have to follow the orders and instructions given by anyone appointed over me. The fact that I didn’t get to an appointment on time showed lack of accountability on my part, a lack of discipline to follow orders I was given and a lack of respect to those who are appointed over me as a leader. I fai led to be at my place of duty, which costs the Army money for another Soldier who could’ve been at that appointment and been on time.The military can only function if orders, when given, are obeyed. We would like to trust in the honesty and integrity of the Soldiers who made that oath and put their lives on the line for their country. The truth is that there are many out there that, if not given a clear set of rules, will not follow the rules. Will not care about the punishments, will not be productive or efficient members of the military machine. That is why Article 92, and the entire UCMJ, are necessary. They reinforce the behavior of those who do the right thing, promoting it and praising it.They punish those who do not do the right thing, undercutting and stamping out such behaviors. With such a system, the bad eggs, those who are unable to fit into the machine, will be ground up by it and spit out. Broken, incomplete, forever bemoaning the lack of foresight and flexibili ty that would have saved them. Accountability in the Army is paramount to the successful completion of the mission. It is a soldier’s personal responsibility to keep all his or her items accountable at all times. This ensures that the Army mission will be completed and that the soldier will remain prepared at all times.On a daily basis, thousands of Soldiers are seen at appointments varying anywhere from surgery on better eye sight to putting a broken foot into a cast for 6 weeks to heal. Appointments can be located anywhere on or off post depending on the type of appointment or preference of the Soldier. It is every Soldier’s right to choose where they would like to receive health care services. The Army spends Billions of dollars on medical supplies, medications, the latest and newest high tech equipment, and the healthcare facilities and the healthcare providers. When a Soldier misses an appointment, the Army’s money is then wasted.Money that could have been used on something such as new trucks, weapons and equipment. With budget cuts on funds within the ranks, missing an appointment is money the Army could use elsewhere. Of all the complications for military funding due to budget cuts, missing an appointment should not factor into it at all. Budget cuts have influenced the Chain of Command and their decisions on requiring Soldiers to pay out of pocket for their missed appointment. The government was starting to discuss having Soldiers pay out of pocket for their missed appointments.Have the Soldier pay out of pocket for the injuries received in an accident because they neglected their profile restrictions. Whether this has taken effect now or it will in the future, Soldiers will be less likely to miss any kind of appointment. If the responsibility were to fall on the shoulder of each individual Soldier, the Army would more than likely not have to inflict budget cuts and â€Å"Troop Cuts† we have all been reading about in The Arm y Times. If each Soldier were accountable for paying for their appointments, there wouldn’t be another wasted appointment because the Soldier was forgetful.It is every Soldiers responsibility to be healthy and remain in a fit condition. When Soldiers fails to do so however, the consequences can be catastrophic or even fatal in some cases. Best example, a Soldier has a tooth ache but ignores it because he or she thinks it’s a sign of weakness, that tooth ache can develop into something much worse than a cavity filling, the Soldier could end up being hospitalized because they didn’t take care of the issue when it was small. They ignored their MEDPROs warning about being past due for a check in.This action seems small, but when the Soldiers fall out of the ranks because they needed more medical attention such as surgery. That unit needs to replace that Soldier to remain fit and ready to deploy. This can led to issues and financial problems within that unit. Their d own a Soldier, which means they have to file paperwork to request a Soldier to replace him. That leads to more money to have that new Soldier coming in for travel and new training. Everything costs money. From the paper we use to request a Soldier to the training that he or she must receive so they can be ready to deploy on a mission.All of that money spent on the new Soldier could have been completely avoided if the Soldier had not ignored his MEDPROs dental warning. Something so small, like a tooth ache, turned in all new training requirements for a new and unprepared Soldier to keep a unit ready for a mission. If Soldiers were required to pay out of pocket for all of their appointments they made, the Army could spend more money where it is needed most. Such things are better training for Soldiers, Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers, better equipment for deployed units and faster approval on funding.This increase in money in better areas can lead to more successful missions an d fewer fatalities on the battle field because the equipment is more accurate. Soldiers have been trained to the highest level, instead of just the basics for life saver course. The Army can afford to push every Soldier through the advanced kind of training needed to save lives. All of this could happen if every Soldier was held responsible for their actions of missing an appointment. Including, if every Soldier made it to all their appointments on time.If every Soldier was paying out of pocket for their appointments, the bigger picture we see is more saved lives in the combat zone. Every Soldier has the right to be seen for health issues. The well being of every Soldier, whether it’s their mental state or their physical health, is required for the best combat ready Soldier the Army has. That is the reality in today’s forces. The citizens of our country need us at our highest peak in health. So when unexplainable and tragic accident such as 9/11 ever happens again, a f orgotten dental appointment will not hold out any Soldier.The responsibility in accountability is every single individual’s duty for themselves and their team. The rank is not a concern when compared to responsibility. No one is singled out. It is my responsibility and my responsibility alone to maintain my physical and mental health state. I have to maintain myself at the highest level for Soldier readiness. That is my responsibility, no one else’s. However, in the long run, I affect someone else’s life if I neglect that responsibility. A simple phone call to change the time of my appointment could have avoided all of this.Neglecting to call was a failure on my part completely. I do not blame nor will I blame anyone but me. On the next appointment, I will be sure to make my appointment on time with enough reminders that it would be impossible not to forget. This standard for accountability needs to be a high priority of every Soldier who does not know much abou t the Army. Such as young privates coming out of Basic and AIT, can be trained and carry on the standard for responsibility and accountability. So future funds can be focused more for the training and not for missed appointments. Uniform Code of Military Justice Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entire Uniform Code of Military Justice. It lays down the ground law, which is the absolute line that may not be crossed. Everything else in the UCMJ is an explanation of the various forms that disobeying an order can take. Without the support given by Article 92, service members would be free to do whatever they want, whenever they want, and wouldn't be any more accountable than a civilian could in a civilian job. However, service members are held to a higher standard.We are the line that protects this country and we are the defense against the storm. Without us, this country would not exist and could not exist. And for that, I have to follow the orders and instructions given by anyone appointed over me. The fact that I didn’t get to an appointment on time showed lack of accountability on my part, a lack of discipline to follow orders I was given and a lack of respect to those who are appointed over me as a leader. I fai led to be at my place of duty, which costs the Army money for another Soldier who could’ve been at that appointment and been on time.The military can only function if orders, when given, are obeyed. We would like to trust in the honesty and integrity of the Soldiers who made that oath and put their lives on the line for their country. The truth is that there are many out there that, if not given a clear set of rules, will not follow the rules. Will not care about the punishments, will not be productive or efficient members of the military machine. That is why Article 92, and the entire UCMJ, are necessary. They reinforce the behavior of those who do the right thing, promoting it and praising it.They punish those who do not do the right thing, undercutting and stamping out such behaviors. With such a system, the bad eggs, those who are unable to fit into the machine, will be ground up by it and spit out. Broken, incomplete, forever bemoaning the lack of foresight and flexibili ty that would have saved them. Accountability in the Army is paramount to the successful completion of the mission. It is a soldier’s personal responsibility to keep all his or her items accountable at all times. This ensures that the Army mission will be completed and that the soldier will remain prepared at all times.On a daily basis, thousands of Soldiers are seen at appointments varying anywhere from surgery on better eye sight to putting a broken foot into a cast for 6 weeks to heal. Appointments can be located anywhere on or off post depending on the type of appointment or preference of the Soldier. It is every Soldier’s right to choose where they would like to receive health care services. The Army spends Billions of dollars on medical supplies, medications, the latest and newest high tech equipment, and the healthcare facilities and the healthcare providers. When a Soldier misses an appointment, the Army’s money is then wasted.Money that could have been used on something such as new trucks, weapons and equipment. With budget cuts on funds within the ranks, missing an appointment is money the Army could use elsewhere. Of all the complications for military funding due to budget cuts, missing an appointment should not factor into it at all. Budget cuts have influenced the Chain of Command and their decisions on requiring Soldiers to pay out of pocket for their missed appointment. The government was starting to discuss having Soldiers pay out of pocket for their missed appointments.Have the Soldier pay out of pocket for the injuries received in an accident because they neglected their profile restrictions. Whether this has taken effect now or it will in the future, Soldiers will be less likely to miss any kind of appointment. If the responsibility were to fall on the shoulder of each individual Soldier, the Army would more than likely not have to inflict budget cuts and â€Å"Troop Cuts† we have all been reading about in The Arm y Times. If each Soldier were accountable for paying for their appointments, there wouldn’t be another wasted appointment because the Soldier was forgetful.It is every Soldiers responsibility to be healthy and remain in a fit condition. When Soldiers fails to do so however, the consequences can be catastrophic or even fatal in some cases. Best example, a Soldier has a tooth ache but ignores it because he or she thinks it’s a sign of weakness, that tooth ache can develop into something much worse than a cavity filling, the Soldier could end up being hospitalized because they didn’t take care of the issue when it was small. They ignored their MEDPROs warning about being past due for a check in.This action seems small, but when the Soldiers fall out of the ranks because they needed more medical attention such as surgery. That unit needs to replace that Soldier to remain fit and ready to deploy. This can led to issues and financial problems within that unit. Their d own a Soldier, which means they have to file paperwork to request a Soldier to replace him. That leads to more money to have that new Soldier coming in for travel and new training. Everything costs money. From the paper we use to request a Soldier to the training that he or she must receive so they can be ready to deploy on a mission.All of that money spent on the new Soldier could have been completely avoided if the Soldier had not ignored his MEDPROs dental warning. Something so small, like a tooth ache, turned in all new training requirements for a new and unprepared Soldier to keep a unit ready for a mission. If Soldiers were required to pay out of pocket for all of their appointments they made, the Army could spend more money where it is needed most. Such things are better training for Soldiers, Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers, better equipment for deployed units and faster approval on funding.This increase in money in better areas can lead to more successful missions an d fewer fatalities on the battle field because the equipment is more accurate. Soldiers have been trained to the highest level, instead of just the basics for life saver course. The Army can afford to push every Soldier through the advanced kind of training needed to save lives. All of this could happen if every Soldier was held responsible for their actions of missing an appointment. Including, if every Soldier made it to all their appointments on time.If every Soldier was paying out of pocket for their appointments, the bigger picture we see is more saved lives in the combat zone. Every Soldier has the right to be seen for health issues. The well being of every Soldier, whether it’s their mental state or their physical health, is required for the best combat ready Soldier the Army has. That is the reality in today’s forces. The citizens of our country need us at our highest peak in health. So when unexplainable and tragic accident such as 9/11 ever happens again, a f orgotten dental appointment will not hold out any Soldier.The responsibility in accountability is every single individual’s duty for themselves and their team. The rank is not a concern when compared to responsibility. No one is singled out. It is my responsibility and my responsibility alone to maintain my physical and mental health state. I have to maintain myself at the highest level for Soldier readiness. That is my responsibility, no one else’s. However, in the long run, I affect someone else’s life if I neglect that responsibility. A simple phone call to change the time of my appointment could have avoided all of this.Neglecting to call was a failure on my part completely. I do not blame nor will I blame anyone but me. On the next appointment, I will be sure to make my appointment on time with enough reminders that it would be impossible not to forget. This standard for accountability needs to be a high priority of every Soldier who does not know much abou t the Army. Such as young privates coming out of Basic and AIT, can be trained and carry on the standard for responsibility and accountability. So future funds can be focused more for the training and not for missed appointments.

The krishna grace

The Krishna Key centers around Ravi Mohan Saini, the protagonist and a historian who has been accused of the murder of his childhood friend Anil Varshney_ In an attempt to clear his name, Saini looks into the past of Indian Mythology's grey areas and uncover the truth about a serial killer who believes himself to be Kalki, the final avatar of Lord Vishnu. Saini travels from the ancient ruins of the Lost City of Dwaraka to Vrlndavan temples In an attempt to discover one of Krishna's treasures and stop he killer from murdering his friends who are also under the threat.The plot involves different pieces of the seal which must be brought together to solve the puzzle. Each part of the seal is in the possession of four different people who are descendants of Yadava tribes. The tribes are Saini, BoJaraJ, Varshney and Chhedi. The author narrates a detailed version of the post-Mahabharatha history through the protagonist, a distinguished professor of history, who himself happens to be a linea l descendant of Krishna being from Saini tribe of Punjab. The book also contains the author's version of the Krishna Avatar at the start of each chapter from the birth to the death of Vishnu's 8th Avatar.Research[edlt] Sanghi stated that he â€Å"wanted to do a story in connection with the Mahabharata, but not retelling of the epic which has already been done† and undertook a month's research, saying that he â€Å"had to be extremely cautious In dealing with this topic as we put a premium on personal belief and faith† He chose Krishna as one of the book's themes because Krishna is a â€Å"perfectly grey See also[edit] Portal Icon Novels portal Ashwln sanghl The Rozabal Line Chanakya's Chant References[edit] Jump up to: a b â€Å"Ashwin's The Krishna key' is for thriller addicts†.

3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases

3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases 3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases 3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases By Mark Nichol When an adverb or a phrase serving an adverbial function begins a sentence, the writer must take care not to introduce a simple punctuation mistake that erroneously associates that introductory word or phrase with the subject rather than the object. These three examples illustrate the problem and provide solutions. 1. â€Å"Eventually, I hope we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities.† Eventually means â€Å"at some point in the future,† and this sentence expresses the writer’s sentiment that at some point in the future, he or she will hope. What the writer means, however, is that he or she hopes that at some point in the future, exploitation may occur. To accurately convey this meaning, â€Å"I hope† should either begin the sentence (â€Å"I hope that eventually, we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities†) or should be bracketed with a second comma to form a parenthetical (â€Å"Eventually, I hope, we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities†). 2. â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we are sure that productivity will improve.† This sentence reads as if the writer were attempting to mention that he or she and others will be certain at the end of the period stated, but if that were true, the sentence should read, â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we will be sure that productivity will improve.† More likely, however, the statement has the same problem as the first example. For the sake of clarity, the sentence should begin with the subject: â€Å"We are sure that by the end of the quarter, productivity will improve.† Alternatively, â€Å"We are sure,† to remove it from the chronological reference, should be parenthetical: â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we are sure, productivity will improve.† 3. â€Å"With some additional effort, they are confident that he will be successful.† Again, the writer is erroneously associating the subject represented by the pronoun with the introductory phrase. The solution, as before, is to start with the subject (â€Å"They are confident that with some additional effort, he will be successful†) or to make the phrase containing the pronoun a parenthetical phrase (â€Å"With some additional effort, they are confident, he will be successful†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterExpanded and ExtendedComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Diversity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Diversity Management - Essay Example This discussion stresses that different types of discrimination reflect the aspects which were mentioned while exploring the notion of diversity. In other words, a person can be discriminated again because of featuring a particular characteristic. For example, a company may be willing to employ young employees since they have a better physical condition, are generally better at adopting new technology and can find common language with the clients. With this in mind, some employers might be willing to dismiss employees only because they are â€Å"too old†. As the paper states the people who belong to the majority provide the employees who represent the minority with worse working conditions and do not allow them to be promoted. In spite of the fact that there is no explicit mentioning that a person who qualify for promotion should belong to a particular race, it becomes obvious that some races receive better jobs and others – do not. A similar situation in a pharmacy sto re in the United State: the African American employees were often assigned to less desirable stores and had to work in conditions that were worse than their white counterparts. As one can clearly see the employer did not want the people from a different race to be successful on the job. Another example is found in the UK with a police office of colour being denied of promotion for racist reasons. Nowadays, the equality of genders is something that is being widely promoted and is supported by the applicable legislation. In spite of the fact that a gender gap exists, it is closing slowly, but surely.

Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project - Essay Example It is also important to note that some motors produce immense output power, but cannot be efficient enough. It is under such conditions that people make use of H Bridge in the efficient control of the Motors’ direction. Project Fundamentals An H-bridge circuit refers to a power circuit that is electric, and used in the control of electric motors like DC motors used in automotive applications. The H-bridge functions in controlling the direction and speed of the motor by allowing a limited amount of current to flow in the motor through the right direction (Barrett, 2012). It is made up of four MOSFETs, which are under the control of control signals of the (PWM) Pulse Width Modulation. The original design of the DC motor control incorporates Multisim LabVIEW co-simulation that permits the performance of the entire system to be authenticated on the desktop. The motor has such parameters as inductance, the load weight, and armature resistance for accurate verification of the result s of the performance. The use of a multisim-labVIEW co-simulation ensures that one shall not have to digital and analog systems separately. During the implementation stage of the model, the circuitry of the analog can be transferred for photocopying to the Ultiboard. Such a transition between the Ultiboard and Multisim makes sure that there is a precise convey of simulated designs. The graphical code of control is moved to a Single Board Rio 9695 target. This is usually an acquisition device and an embedded control that puts together a FPGA that is user-reconfigurable, a real time processor, and input or output of printed circuit board. The four MOSFETs needed in designing a H-bridge can be demonstrated with the diagram below. Two of the MOSEFETs should be of P channel (IRF9540N), while the other two should be of N channel (IRF540N). They should be designed in such a way that the motor’s rotation is controlled through an on-off-on switch. The motor’s closed-loop contro l starts through inputs that are user-defined such as the necessary step size and speed. This message is resent to the Multisim design through the co-simulation terminals. Negotiations between labVIEW and Muiltisim occur as a guarantee in conversation and accuracy for both sides. In case of abrupt drops or peaks in Multisim, negotiation in time-step allows Multisim to alter the available time-step to view the drops and peaks. A point by point model between digital systems and analog circuits results to an advanced system both in accuracy and behavior. Once the verification of the system design has been made with Multisim and labVIEW co-simulation, the complete circuit can be moved to Ultiboard for routing and layout. List of Components The list of components used in the circuit includes: MOSFET P Channel (IRF9540N) – 2 MOSFET N Channel (IRF540N) – 2 Motor – DC 6 volts Battery – 9 volts Switch – 1 Connecting Wires and Strip Board Controlling the Mot or The control of the motor is done through the two ways switch connected to Q1 and Q3 of the circuit. If a signal is sent to Q1the motor is stimulated to move in a forward direction, while on the other hand, if a signal is sent to q3 the motor is stimulated run in a reverse direction. It is never possible to sent signals to both Q1 and Q3at the same time because of the use of on off on switch. This can be summarized using the following table: Q1 Q3 Stop 0